McDonald’s vs. Subway: Sustainability Practices 2025

As the world increasingly prioritizes sustainability, fast-food chains are under pressure to adapt their practices to meet consumer expectations. In 2025, two of the most recognizable brands in the fast-food industry, McDonald's and Subway, present different approaches to sustainability. This article explores their initiatives, environmental impacts, and consumer perceptions to determine which brand is leading the green movement.

McDonald’s Sustainability Initiatives

McDonald’s has made significant strides in its sustainability efforts over the years. In 2025, the company has focused on several key areas:

1. Sustainable Sourcing

McDonald's has committed to sourcing 100% of its coffee, palm oil, and fish from sustainable sources. The company collaborates with various organizations to ensure that its supply chain meets environmental standards. This includes partnerships with the Rainforest Alliance and the Marine Stewardship Council, which help certify that products are sourced responsibly.

2. Packaging Reduction

In an effort to combat plastic waste, McDonald’s has pledged to make all of its packaging recyclable, compostable, or renewable by 2025. The company has also been working on reducing the overall amount of packaging used in its restaurants. This includes initiatives like eliminating plastic straws in favor of paper alternatives and encouraging customers to opt for reusable containers.

3. Energy Efficiency

McDonald's has invested in energy-efficient technologies across its restaurants. This includes the installation of LED lighting, energy-efficient kitchen equipment, and the use of renewable energy sources. By 2025, McDonald's aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from its restaurants and offices by 36% compared to 2015 levels.

4. Climate Action

The company has set a goal to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050. To reach this target, McDonald's is focusing on reducing emissions in its supply chain, which accounts for a significant portion of its overall carbon footprint. The company is also engaging with farmers to promote sustainable agricultural practices.

Subway’s Sustainability Practices

Subway has also taken notable steps towards sustainability, albeit with a different approach. In 2025, Subway’s sustainability initiatives include:

1. Responsible Sourcing

Subway is committed to sourcing ingredients from suppliers that adhere to sustainable practices. The company has made efforts to source antibiotic-free meats and cage-free eggs. In addition, Subway has focused on providing more plant-based options to cater to the growing demand for vegetarian and vegan meals.

2. Waste Reduction

Subway has implemented a comprehensive waste management program aimed at reducing food waste in its restaurants. This includes donating unsold food to local charities and composting organic waste. The company has also been working on reducing single-use plastics by encouraging customers to use reusable containers.

3. Energy and Water Conservation

Subway has made strides in conserving energy and water in its operations. Many Subway locations have adopted energy-efficient appliances and fixtures, along with water-saving technologies. The company is also exploring renewable energy options to power its restaurants.

4. Community Engagement

Subway actively engages with local communities to promote sustainability. The company has launched various initiatives to educate customers about healthy eating and sustainable practices. This includes partnerships with local organizations to promote nutrition education and environmental awareness.

Comparison of Environmental Impact

When comparing the environmental impact of both brands, several factors come into play:

Carbon Footprint

McDonald’s has set a more ambitious target for net-zero emissions by 2050. Subway, while also making strides, has not publicly committed to a specific emissions reduction target.

Waste Management

Both companies have implemented waste reduction strategies, but McDonald’s has a more extensive packaging initiative aimed at reducing plastic waste. Subway focuses more on food waste management and community engagement.

Sourcing Practices

McDonald's has a broader commitment to sustainable sourcing across multiple product categories, while Subway emphasizes responsible sourcing of its ingredients, particularly with a focus on animal welfare.

Consumer Perceptions

Consumer preferences play a significant role in shaping the sustainability practices of fast-food chains. Surveys conducted in 2025 indicate that:

• A majority of consumers prioritize sustainability when choosing where to eat, with many willing to pay a premium for environmentally friendly options.
• McDonald’s is often recognized for its extensive sustainability initiatives, leading to a positive perception among environmentally conscious consumers.
• Subway’s focus on health and responsible sourcing resonates well with customers looking for healthier meal options, contributing to its positive image.

Conclusion

In 2025, both McDonald’s and Subway are making notable efforts to improve their sustainability practices. McDonald’s appears to be leading the charge with more comprehensive initiatives aimed at reducing its carbon footprint and minimizing waste. However, Subway is also making significant strides, particularly in responsible sourcing and community engagement.

Ultimately, the choice between McDonald's and Subway may come down to individual consumer values—whether one prioritizes broader environmental initiatives or a focus on health and community engagement. As both brands continue to evolve, it will be interesting to see how their sustainability practices develop and how they impact consumer preferences in the fast-food industry.